The Astounding federal deficit, currently standing at $15,678,869,907,107.48 according to the National Debt Clock, is being cited as a reason to raise taxes.
The deficit, although growing for decades, has escalated sharply over the past three years, growing from $415.7 in the final year of the Bush administration to an annual average of $1.185 trillion under President Obama.
Can tax hikes—even those as dramatic as those to take place in January 2013—actually reduce the deficit? An NPR study indicates that it could, at best, reduce it by 17.7%. But even that figure is misleading. Tax increases tend to slow economic activity, which in turn decreases revenue, offsetting any deficit-reducing benefit.
According to Harvard Economics Professor Martin Feldstein’s Wall Street Journal article,
“Historians and economists who've studied the 1930s conclude that the tax increases passed during that decade derailed the recovery and slowed the decline in unemployment. That was true of the 1935 tax on corporate earnings and of the 1937 introduction of the payroll tax. Japan did the same destructive thing by raising its value-added tax rate in 1997.”
Heritage examined the effects of tax hikes and cuts during the 1990s.
“The 1993 Clinton tax hikes slowed economic growth during that decade, despite the common assumption that it was a period of rapid expansion. It was not until a tax cut later in the decade that growth took off. Lower rates paved the way for faster growth. The 2003 Bush tax cuts helped the economy recover from a recession and put it on a stronger footing in the face of growing headwinds.”
During the past three years, spending as a share of the national economy rose from a historical average of 20.7% to 24% under the current administration.” This includes a 6.2% increase in civilian federal employees, and the ineffective $787 billion “stimulus.”
The impact of higher taxes on the prolonged employment downturn is particularly worrisome, particularly in light of historical analysis. Under the current administration, the latest (April) unemployment rate is 8.1%, continuing the trend of high unemployment rates which have seen, in April of their respective years, 8.9% (2009), 9.9% (2010), and 9.0 (2011). These are dramatically higher than the rates experienced during the prior Administration, which ranged from a low of 4.5% to a high of 6.0%. But these statistics reveal only part of the ominous trend. Long term unemployment (27 weeks or longer), at 5.1 million, represents 41.3% of all those unemployed, and there are 7.9 million “forced part timers” as well. Civilian labor force participation has declined to 63.6%, a sharp drop from 2000 (67.1) and even from 2010 (64.7). The severe, detrimental effects of the past several years of high unemployment will continue even after jobs rebound. As noted by Christine Dugas in a USA Today article, many families who lost jobs used savings to pay current bills and went into debt. Even after securing new jobs, they are not going to spend at normal levels until those debts are paid.
This must be contrasted with the policy of the prior administration. Faced with an economic downturn, President Bush lowered taxes, which produced significantly lower unemployment rates. The Tax Foundation notes that these followed historical precedent. When President Kennedy cut taxes, and when President Reagan did the same, the economy accelerated.
Bluntly stated, giving more taxes to Washington—addicted to overspending for decades, and far more so over the past three years—is the equivalent of giving an alcoholic an open bar. It has not worked in the past, and there are no indications it will work now.